Alkalis are part of a group of chemicals called bases. Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water, have bitter taste and feel soapy.
Alkali turns litmus paper blue.
Stomach produces hydrochloric acid
Backing powder => Bicarbonate of Soda -> an alkali
Strong acids like sulphuric acid used in factories to make fertilizers, explosive, plastics, synthetic fabrics, paint, dyes, medicines, detergents, and many other chemicals.
Sodium Hydroxide solution dissolves fats used as oven and drain blocked cleaners.
In industry, alkalis are used in the manufacture of soap, glass, paper and textile, and in the refining of crude oil.
Chemical in cell of battery is called electrolyte.
Lead metals are used in batteries.
A personal stereo used alkaline battery. In this the electrodes are powders, mixed with an electrolyte to make a paste.
Sulphuric acid is used in batteries are electrolyte.
In alkalin battery:- o Anode = Zinc powder mixed with electrolyte. o Cathode= Manganese compound mixed with electrolyte.
Anode = Negative Terminal
+ Cathode= Positive Terminal
Votalic pile was the first battery in 1799.
Fuel cells make electricity-using hydrogen as a fuel.
Carbon is the element of life.
Shoot is an example of amorphous carbon.
Different form of the same elements is called allotropes.
Diamond is allotropic from of carbon.
Graphite is used to hold molten metals.
Charcoal is used in gas masks for absorbing unpleasant smells.
Fullerenes are the most recently discovered allotropes.
Carbon dioxide we release is comes from food we eat.
Carbohydrates = C+O+H
Protein = Nitrogen + O + H
Chromatography shows what’s in the colored coating of some sweets.
Mass spectrography is one of the most powerful ways of analyzing different kind of chemicals.
Electrophoresis = > Separation of tagged core fragments of
DNA with radioactivity.
Sodium Carbonate is used in making glass and in caustic soda for making soap.
Heavy Chemicals => Sodium Carbonate, Caustic Soda,
Sulphuric Acid, Nitric Acid, Ammonia, Benzene.
Sulphuric acid is also known as ‘lifeblood of industry’
Sulphuric acid is made from sulphur by contact process.
Benzene is known as organic chemical.
Oxidation -> addition of oxygen to the substance is made.
Hydrogenation -> adding hydrogen.
Polymerization is the reaction by which plastics are produced. It involves the linking together of small molecules (monomers) to form large ones (polymere).
Cracking - > large molecules are broken down into small ones (used in refining petroleum).
